Early computerized billing systems development

Reply to Discussions

follow up on the posts of your classmates and faculty and responses to your own posts. The grading rubric calls for youtopost a total of 3 times per week (1initial post+ 2 discussion participation posts).
– Add new information or viewpoints
– Provide context by example, inference, explanation, or comparison
– Critically evaluate discussion content
– Challenge, question, or or accepted knowledge

Reply 1
Ramon Gar

The development of early computerized billing systems was modeled after the electronic data interchange systems started by the steamship and railroad industries as described in the article byReza et al(2020). From 1960 to 1980, these systems were rudimentary to say the least. They were not connected even in the same hospital as outlined in Wager (2022).I will illustrate an example of how fragmented the process was early in my career. The different hospital departments acted like separate units with different programs andevenhardware. All of this was independent from the paper charting done at bedside by nurses and doctors. In the mid-nineties, as a resident I would handwrite orders.The chart would then be handed to the unit secretary. That person would have to tell the charge nurse to read it. If it were a nursing commination order such as give a stoolsoftener,”the charge would then tell the bedside nurse. If it were a blood draw order, the unit secretary would input it on an .The lab would then print the order and manually input it into another system. Then they would send someone to draw the blood from the patient’s arm. Thenext day at the printer, I would collect those paper results.This process was error prone, time consuming, inefficient, and costly. What I saw and experienced on the ground was reaffirmed by the second Institute of Medicine reportTo err is Human: Building a safer health care system(Kohn, Corrigan, & Donaldson, 2000) as cited in Wagner (2020).
Now I can dictate on my EPIC driven electronic health platform, order a test and send a copy of my note to the patient portal and to the family clinician. Then I can bill fortheencounter, all from my iPhone. There were various laws and acts by the government to drive us to this point. Three to four fundamental pieces of US (United States) government legislation really impacted me as aclinician. First in 1996 was the passage of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) setting the standards for privacy and codifying them. Next was the passageof Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act in 2009 that gave monies in incentives to Medicaid providers and hospitals as per Reza et al. (2020). The Affordable Care Act and 21stCenturyCures Act are the other two subsequent pieces of legislation that took us to the next level, Wagner (2020). I believe that the last two really propelled us to wider adoption of equipment, platforms, programs that noware the norm.
In this journey I have had to develop various levels of health literacy and data literacy. I can only imagine what other consumers such as patients have had to do to assimilate the massive amounts of informationnowavailable. There are many other players that have a role in this process certainly not everyone has the same background or experience. I will focus on the physician – patient role. As the TEDx Morrow (2019) video discusses, I certainly had to develop a skill set of how to read, work, analyze, and argue/decipher information just to get through my every day. It iscertainly different from when I started back as a medical student. That process took time, but it was more in physical terms. Now I must sift through layers of windows to get the right information. It is still not easy butcertainly light years advanced than before. For patients, the central hub of dissemination of information was the physician. They had to trust the doctor, period. He or she was the central gospel of information. Tomany individuals this is still true. Now with Goggle and MedlinePlus any person has near complete access to . This may “level the playing field ” to a point. It may also lead them to life saving treatment that their physician may not even know about. The outcome of their health depends on the level of health literacy. Theymust develop a robust skill set to dig through the information explosion. The better people can understand and manage their health information the healthier they can become, Netemeyer et al. (2020).

References
Dixon B., RahurkarS., Apathy N.C.(2020).Interoperability andhealthinformationexchange forpublichealth.In Magnuson J.A., Dixon B. (Ed),Public health informatics and information systems.(3rded., pp.307-321). Switzerland: Springer Nature.
Hersh W. (2020).Publichealthinformatics in thelargercontext ofbiomedical andhealthinformatics. InMagnuson J.A., Dixon B. (Ed),Public health informatics and information systems.(3rded., pp. 31-41).Switzerland: Springer Nature.
Netemeyer, Dobolyi, D. G., Abbasi, A., Clifford, G., & Taylor, H. (2020).Healthliteracy,healthnumeracy,andtrust indoctor: Effects onkeypatienthealthoutcomes.The Journal of Consumer Affairs,54(1), 342. https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12267
RezaF., Prieto J.T, JulienS.P.(2020).Electronichealthrecords: Origination,adoption, andprogression. InMagnuson J.A., Dixon B. (Ed),Public health informatics and information systems. (3rded., pp.183-200).Switzerland: Springer Nature.
TEDx Talks Morrow J. (2019, June 3rd)Why everyone should be data literate[Video File].YouTubehttps://youtu.be/8ovyQZ_Z8Xs
Wager, K. A., Glaser, J., & Lee, F. W. (2022). Evolution of health care information systems in the UnitedStates. In Wager, K. A., Glaser, J., & Lee, F. W. (Ed.),Health care information systems apractical approach forhealth care management(5thed.,pp 3-38.). San Francisco:Jossey-Bass

Reply 2

Ashley Por
Types, Purpose and Use of HIS
Health information systems provide various uses depending on the stakeholders involved: this can range from the healthcare professional, patients and the administration staff who work tirelessly behind the scenes. In a generalized sense the purpose of health information systems is to reduce costs, manage populations, and improve quality care and outcomes (Wagner et al., 2022). Examples of healthcare information systems (HCIS) are electronic health records (EHR), personal health record (PHR), and telehealth and telemedicine systems.
Health systems within the last decades have shifted their focus to become more patient-centered. This has proven to be the exemplary model of care. When holding patients at the center of all decision and treatment plans it allows for optimal outcomes at reduced costs. Use of applications such as patient portals allow patients to feel more involved in their care which promotes compliance as they feel as though they are being heard and become empowered to make decisions and then are more likely to follow through with care as they were involved in the decision-making process (Jung, 2016). Telehealth medicine has exploded over the last few years with the progression of the Covid pandemic. Consumers of telemedicine were able to have the ease and convenience of these visits providing an immense advantage to those struggling with mobility, financial burden of leaving the home or mental health disabilities that prove it difficult to interact with large populations. Remote monitoring for consumers allows trained professionals to view vital signs and weight and assist with disease monitoring or decompensation.
The foundation of HIS is the EHR. Healthcare professionals and administration staff all with various needs ranging from scheduling, billing, orders, or prescribing medications can be completed within the EHR system. Key functions of the EHR are health information and data, results management, order entry, decision support, communication, patient support, administrative process, and reporting for population health management (Wagner, 2022). Interoperability within the EHR works cohesively with the health data to be collected and transcribed and transferred from provider to payee or to the patient themselves. Results management collects diagnostic data and houses this for all patients applying analytics, trends, and algorithms regarding value ranges for additional patient safety and tracking. Order entry and decision support coincide jointly for the best patient outcomes. Order entry houses a location for historical tracking if multiple specialists are involved, prevents medication errors by alerting of possible allergies or interactions, and improves workflows as standardization is created. Clinical support tools assist to prevent medication errors from integrated algorithms. They remind providers of upcoming or overdue prevention screenings and predict disease process in certain populations. (Wagner, 2022). Communication with the EHR allows the to collaborate amongst themselves through visibility into other disciplines documentation. Communication within the platform also provides secure formatting complying with HIPPA regulations. Administrative process for billing and prior insurance authorization can be submitted and obtained with EHR systems. Other administrative personnel can also schedule appointments for other specialists or testing within the facility as ordered. Alerts can then be forwarded to the patient to ensure compliance with the plan of care. Reporting data within the EHR allows for monitoring and transmission of data at state and federal levels to comply with reportable infections or report increases in disease processes among a certain population.
The various capabilities of the EHR system are profound within the healthcare practice. They range from assisting the patient and provider relationship to a high level of reporting to assist the entire nation with disease management outcomes. This focus on prevention and minimization of error not only ensures the optimal outcome but also decreases the overall healthcare cost.

Resources
Jung, M.(2016).Consumer health informatics.The Health Care Manager,35(4),312-320.https://doi.org/10.1097/HCM.0000000000000130
Wager, K. A., Glaser, J., & Lee, F. W. (2022). Health care information systems (5thed.). Jossey-Bass.

Get Professional Assignment Help Cheaply

Are you busy and do not have time to handle your assignment? Are you scared that your paper will not make the grade? Do you have responsibilities that may hinder you from turning in your assignment on time? Are you tired and can barely handle your assignment? Are your grades inconsistent?

Whichever your reason is, it is valid! You can get professional academic help from our service at affordable rates. We have a team of professional academic writers who can handle all your assignments.

Why Choose Our Academic Writing Service?

• Plagiarism free papers
• Timely delivery
• Any deadline
• Skilled, Experienced Native English Writers
• Subject-relevant academic writer
• Adherence to paper instructions
• Ability to tackle bulk assignments
• Reasonable prices
• 24/7 Customer Support
• Get superb grades consistently

Online Academic Help With Different Subjects

Literature

Students barely have time to read. We got you! Have your literature essay or book review written without having the hassle of reading the book. You can get your literature paper custom-written for you by our literature specialists.

Finance

Do you struggle with finance? No need to torture yourself if finance is not your cup of tea. You can order your finance paper from our academic writing service and get 100% original work from competent finance experts.

Computer science

Computer science is a tough subject. Fortunately, our computer science experts are up to the match. No need to stress and have sleepless nights. Our academic writers will tackle all your computer science assignments and deliver them on time. Let us handle all your python, java, ruby, JavaScript, php , C+ assignments!

Psychology

While psychology may be an interesting subject, you may lack sufficient time to handle your assignments. Don’t despair; by using our academic writing service, you can be assured of perfect grades. Moreover, your grades will be consistent.

Engineering

Engineering is quite a demanding subject. Students face a lot of pressure and barely have enough time to do what they love to do. Our academic writing service got you covered! Our engineering specialists follow the paper instructions and ensure timely delivery of the paper.

Nursing

In the nursing course, you may have difficulties with literature reviews, annotated bibliographies, critical essays, and other assignments. Our nursing assignment writers will offer you professional nursing paper help at low prices.

Sociology

Truth be told, sociology papers can be quite exhausting. Our academic writing service relieves you of fatigue, pressure, and stress. You can relax and have peace of mind as our academic writers handle your sociology assignment.

Business

We take pride in having some of the best business writers in the industry. Our business writers have a lot of experience in the field. They are reliable, and you can be assured of a high-grade paper. They are able to handle business papers of any subject, length, deadline, and difficulty!

Statistics

We boast of having some of the most experienced statistics experts in the industry. Our statistics experts have diverse skills, expertise, and knowledge to handle any kind of assignment. They have access to all kinds of software to get your assignment done.

Law

Writing a law essay may prove to be an insurmountable obstacle, especially when you need to know the peculiarities of the legislative framework. Take advantage of our top-notch law specialists and get superb grades and 100% satisfaction.

What discipline/subjects do you deal in?

We have highlighted some of the most popular subjects we handle above. Those are just a tip of the iceberg. We deal in all academic disciplines since our writers are as diverse. They have been drawn from across all disciplines, and orders are assigned to those writers believed to be the best in the field. In a nutshell, there is no task we cannot handle; all you need to do is place your order with us. As long as your instructions are clear, just trust we shall deliver irrespective of the discipline.

Are your writers competent enough to handle my paper?

Our essay writers are graduates with bachelor's, masters, Ph.D., and doctorate degrees in various subjects. The minimum requirement to be an essay writer with our essay writing service is to have a college degree. All our academic writers have a minimum of two years of academic writing. We have a stringent recruitment process to ensure that we get only the most competent essay writers in the industry. We also ensure that the writers are handsomely compensated for their value. The majority of our writers are native English speakers. As such, the fluency of language and grammar is impeccable.

What if I don’t like the paper?

There is a very low likelihood that you won’t like the paper.

Reasons being:

• When assigning your order, we match the paper’s discipline with the writer’s field/specialization. Since all our writers are graduates, we match the paper’s subject with the field the writer studied. For instance, if it’s a nursing paper, only a nursing graduate and writer will handle it. Furthermore, all our writers have academic writing experience and top-notch research skills.
• We have a quality assurance that reviews the paper before it gets to you. As such, we ensure that you get a paper that meets the required standard and will most definitely make the grade.

In the event that you don’t like your paper:

• The writer will revise the paper up to your pleasing. You have unlimited revisions. You simply need to highlight what specifically you don’t like about the paper, and the writer will make the amendments. The paper will be revised until you are satisfied. Revisions are free of charge
• We will have a different writer write the paper from scratch.
• Last resort, if the above does not work, we will refund your money.

Will the professor find out I didn’t write the paper myself?

Not at all. All papers are written from scratch. There is no way your tutor or instructor will realize that you did not write the paper yourself. In fact, we recommend using our assignment help services for consistent results.

What if the paper is plagiarized?

We check all papers for plagiarism before we submit them. We use powerful plagiarism checking software such as SafeAssign, LopesWrite, and Turnitin. We also upload the plagiarism report so that you can review it. We understand that plagiarism is academic suicide. We would not take the risk of submitting plagiarized work and jeopardize your academic journey. Furthermore, we do not sell or use prewritten papers, and each paper is written from scratch.

When will I get my paper?

You determine when you get the paper by setting the deadline when placing the order. All papers are delivered within the deadline. We are well aware that we operate in a time-sensitive industry. As such, we have laid out strategies to ensure that the client receives the paper on time and they never miss the deadline. We understand that papers that are submitted late have some points deducted. We do not want you to miss any points due to late submission. We work on beating deadlines by huge margins in order to ensure that you have ample time to review the paper before you submit it.

Will anyone find out that I used your services?

We have a privacy and confidentiality policy that guides our work. We NEVER share any customer information with third parties. Noone will ever know that you used our assignment help services. It’s only between you and us. We are bound by our policies to protect the customer’s identity and information. All your information, such as your names, phone number, email, order information, and so on, are protected. We have robust security systems that ensure that your data is protected. Hacking our systems is close to impossible, and it has never happened.

How our Assignment  Help Service Works

1.      Place an order

You fill all the paper instructions in the order form. Make sure you include all the helpful materials so that our academic writers can deliver the perfect paper. It will also help to eliminate unnecessary revisions.

2.      Pay for the order

Proceed to pay for the paper so that it can be assigned to one of our expert academic writers. The paper subject is matched with the writer’s area of specialization.

3.      Track the progress

You communicate with the writer and know about the progress of the paper. The client can ask the writer for drafts of the paper. The client can upload extra material and include additional instructions from the lecturer. Receive a paper.

4.      Download the paper

The paper is sent to your email and uploaded to your personal account. You also get a plagiarism report attached to your paper.

PLACE THIS ORDER OR A SIMILAR ORDER WITH US TODAY AND GET A PERFECT SCORE!!!